Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, TLS (Transport Layer Security) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 SSL (Secure Socket Layer) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, TLS\/SSL l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3, trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi n\u00f3 \u0111i qua b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, TLS\/SSL ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n
Xin ch\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong>: M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn \u201cClient Hello\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Tin nh\u1eafn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n TLS m\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a) m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Xin ch\u00e0o<\/strong>:M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng \u201cServer Hello\u201d, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n TLS v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd b\u1edfi C\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (CA) \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi kho CA \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a<\/strong>: C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: RSA ho\u1eb7c ECDHE) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00f3a phi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. Kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t phi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/strong>: Khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft tay \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a phi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Proxy, d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014proxy chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, proxy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 proxy trong su\u1ed1t\u2014\u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh TLS\/SSL.<\/p>\n Proxy chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>: Proxy chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Khi m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTPS, proxy chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1eeb khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "ch\u1eb7n TLS". Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, proxy t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tin c\u1eady proxy, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a proxy trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Proxy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, proxy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t TLS, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, v\u00ec proxy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i TLS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Proxy trong su\u1ed1t<\/strong>: Proxy trong su\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng TLS \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 SNI (Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n TLS\/SSL ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n B\u1ed9 m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/strong>: Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 X.509, ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady trong giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp<\/strong>:TLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ID phi\u00ean v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfu phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c phi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft tay \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 Alice mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Bob th\u00f4ng qua proxy chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, Charlie. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n Trong \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i l\u1ea1i \u0111an xen ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a TLS\/SSL trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng proxy, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. <\/p>\n Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a TLS\/SSL, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111a di\u1ec7n, v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2014m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tinh x\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In the realm of secure communications, TLS (Transport Layer Security) and its predecessor SSL (Secure Socket Layer) stand as stalwart guardians, weaving a tapestry of cryptographic protocols that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. At a technical level, TLS\/SSL is a complex orchestration of cryptographic algorithms, key exchanges, and certificate verifications, all designed to safeguard data […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,54,118,116,11,76,33,117,115,114],"class_list":["post-414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network","tag-cybersecurity","tag-data-protection","tag-digital-certificates","tag-encryption","tag-https","tag-internet-security","tag-network-security","tag-secure-communication","tag-ssl","tag-tls"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng Proxy<\/h3>\n
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C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
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TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384<\/code>, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ECDHE \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a, RSA \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, AES-256 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 SHA-384 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\nM\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n
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