T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt?<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady (nh\u01b0 internet). <\/p>\n \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p hay ch\u1eb7n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp hay kh\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n L\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin<\/strong>: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u1edf l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch, s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: TCP, UDP) so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc cho ph\u00e9p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tinh vi h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u1ee6y quy\u1ec1n<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 proxy, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay m\u1eb7t cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung \u1edf l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra g\u00f3i s\u00e2u<\/strong>: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i, cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Proxy v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ea1ng proxy, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi proxy theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng giao th\u00f4ng<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t proxy th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, c\u1ed5ng ho\u1eb7c giao th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i qua ch\u00fang, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy. Vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp<\/strong>: Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi proxy \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, trong khi proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n Khi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tham s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp (ACL)<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng (NAT)<\/strong>: NAT cho ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i tin trong khi truy\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>: Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda duy tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, m\u1edbi v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan) \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n<\/strong>:M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp internet c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eb7n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda<\/strong>:<\/p>\n C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Proxy<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy t\u1ea1i 192.168.1.10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u web, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT<\/strong>:T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n NAT \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khi truy c\u1eadp internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong>:<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi proxy, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Technical Breakdown of Firewall in the Context of Proxy Networks What is a Firewall at a Technical Level? A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls can be hardware-based, software-based, or a combination of both, and they serve as a barrier between […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[57,21,54,53,60,55,59,33,58,56],"class_list":["post-396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network","tag-access-control","tag-cybersecurity","tag-data-protection","tag-firewall","tag-intrusion-detection","tag-it-infrastructure","tag-malware-defense","tag-network-security","tag-security-protocols","tag-threat-prevention"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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Allow TCP from any to 192.168.1.10 port 80
\n Allow TCP from any to 192.168.1.10 port 443<\/code><\/p>\n\n
Deny all outbound traffic<\/code><\/p>\n\n
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