{"id":392,"date":"2025-02-05T11:45:35","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T11:45:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/network\/port\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:45:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T11:45:35","slug":"port","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/network\/port\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ea1ng proxy<\/h3>\n<h4>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, C\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h4>\n<p>Trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t <strong>c\u1ea3ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 65535. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n (TCP) v\u00e0 Giao th\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UDP).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (0-1023):<\/strong> D\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: HTTP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng 80, HTTPS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng 443).<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd (1024-49151):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\/ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (49152-65535):<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Proxy v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h4>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ea1ng proxy, c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Proxy:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Khi m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy. Sau \u0111\u00f3, proxy chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Proxy th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Proxy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proxy HTTP\/HTTPS:<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eafng nghe tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng 8080 ho\u1eb7c 3128 cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp HTTP.<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Proxy SOCKS:<\/strong> C\u1ed5ng 1080 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m TCP v\u00e0 UDP.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed5ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 proxy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh<\/h4>\n<p>Khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng trong m\u1ea1ng proxy, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng:<\/strong> M\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u TCP hay UDP \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 proxy k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 IPv4 ho\u1eb7c IPv6.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: HTTP, FTP).<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h4>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Proxy HTTP<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy HTTP \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp Internet th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i duy nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe <strong>c\u1ed5ng 8080<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho proxy HTTP.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><code data-no-translation=\"\">plaintext<br \/>\n   Proxy IP: 192.168.1.100<br \/>\n   Proxy Port: 8080<\/code><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (c\u00f3 IP 192.168.1.101) mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp <code data-no-translation=\"\">http:\/\/example.com<\/code>. M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><code data-no-translation=\"\">plaintext<br \/>\n   Request: GET http:\/\/example.com HTTP\/1.1<br \/>\n   Host: example.com<\/code><\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy t\u1ea1i <code data-no-translation=\"\">http:\/\/192.168.1.100:8080<\/code>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd Proxy:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng 8080, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn <code data-no-translation=\"\">example.com<\/code> (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng 80) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i <code data-no-translation=\"\">example.com<\/code> ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><code data-no-translation=\"\">plaintext<br \/>\n   Client (192.168.1.101:random_port) --&gt; Proxy (192.168.1.100:8080) --&gt; Internet (example.com:80)<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h4>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng proxy l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, trong khi c\u00e1c proxy t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technical Breakdown of Port in the Context of Proxy Networks What is a Port at a Technical Level? In computer networking, a port is a logical construct that allows multiple network services to run on a single IP address. Ports are used to differentiate between different types of traffic on a networked device. Each port [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[41,39,43,37,36,34,35,38,40,42],"class_list":["post-392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network","tag-freight","tag-harbor","tag-import-export","tag-logistics","tag-maritime","tag-port","tag-shipping","tag-trade","tag-transportation","tag-vessel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/replicounts.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}